Diagnostics and Sensing
Gold nanoparticles are the primary component in many rapid diagnostic tests:
Lateral Flow Assays: The visible "red line" in a home pregnancy test or rapid viral test is typically composed of gold nanoparticles. Their intense color allows for easy visual detection without expensive lab equipment.
SERS (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy): Gold nanoparticles amplify the chemical signals of nearby molecules by millions of times. This allows scientists to detect extremely low levels of pollutants, proteins, or toxins.
Colorimetric Sensors: These change color when they encounter a specific substance, providing an instant visual cue for the presence of heavy metals or pathogens.
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